Coronary artery disease overview

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a common form of heart disease. It occurs when the arteries that deliver oxygen and nutrient rich blood to the heart develop obstructions due to cholesterol plaque build-up. As the blockages progress, less and less blood is delivered to the heart.

CAD can cause:

 
 

Dr. Leandro Perez walks us through the facts, the questions, and the answers to help you better understand coronary artery disease (CAD).

 
 

Symptoms of coronary artery disease

Angina is the term used to describe symptoms related to CAD.
Symptoms may include:

  • Chest discomfort

  • Shortness of breath

  • Fatigue

  • Poor energy

  • Exercise intolerance

  • Fainting

  • Leg edema


Coronary artery disease causes

Risk factors for developing CAD include:


Coronary artery disease diagnosis

Diagnosis starts with a detailed personal and family medical history and a physical examination. This is followed by an electrocardiogram (EKG) and cholesterol levels; a stress test or echocardiogram may be recommended. A calcium score or cardiac CT may be necessary in your case. In certain situations, a heart catheterization may be necessary.

Coronary artery disease management

Prevention is fundamental as it has been demonstrated to prevent progression of CAD and, in some cases, reverse CAD. Prevention includes tobacco cessation, regular exercise, a healthy diet, a healthy body weight, blood pressure control, cholesterol reduction.

Your specific management will depend on the severity of your problem, the risk to your life and how it’s affecting your quality of life. Medications have been demonstrated to slow CAD progression and reduce risk of adverse events. Revascularization (stent or bypass surgery) is indicated in specific cases.

 

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